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〔There is some confusion in the literature on whether al-Khwārizmī's full name is or . Ibn Khaldun notes in his encyclopedic work: "The first who wrote upon this branch () was Abu ‘Abdallah al-Khowarizmi, after whom came Abu Kamil Shoja‘ ibn Aslam." (MacGuckin de Slane). (Rosen 1831, pp. xi–xiii) mentions that "(Abdallah Mohammed ben Musa ) lived and wrote under the caliphate of Al Mamun, and must therefore be distinguished from Abu Jafar Mohammed ben Musa, likewise a mathematician and astronomer, who flourished under the Caliph Al Motaded (who reigned A.H. 279–289, A.D. 892–902)." In the introduction to his critical commentary on Robert of Chester's Latin translation of al-Khwārizmī's ''Algebra'', L.C. Karpinski notes that Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad ibn Mūsā refers to the eldest of the Banū Mūsā brothers. Karpinski notes in his review on (Ruska 1917) that in (Ruska 1918): "Ruska here inadvertently speaks of the author as Abū Ga‘far M. b. M., instead of Abū Abdallah M. b. M."〕 ((アラビア語:محمد بن موسى الخوارزمی); ), formerly Latinized as Algoritmi,〔Other Latin transliterations include Algaurizin.〕 was a Persian〔; ; 〕 mathematician, astronomer and geographer during the Abbasid Caliphate, a scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. In the 12th century, Latin translations of his work on the Indian numerals introduced the decimal positional number system to the Western world. Al-Khwārizmī's ''The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing'' presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations in Arabic. In Renaissance Europe, he was considered the original inventor of algebra, although it is now known that his work is based on older Indian or Greek sources.〔; 〕 He revised Ptolemy's ''Geography'' and wrote on astronomy and astrology. Some words reflect the importance of al-Khwārizmī's contributions to mathematics. "Algebra" is derived from ''al-jabr'', one of the two operations he used to solve quadratic equations. ''Algorism'' and ''algorithm'' stem from ''Algoritmi'', the Latin form of his name. His name is also the origin of (Spanish) ''guarismo'' and of (Portuguese) ''algarismo'', both meaning digit. ==Life== Few details of al-Khwārizmī's life are known with certainty. He was born in a Persian〔 family and Ibn al-Nadim gives his birthplace as Khwarezm〔Cristopher Moore and Stephan Mertens, ''The Nature of Computation'', (Oxford University Press, 2011), 36.〕 in Greater Khorasan (modern Xorazm Region, Uzbekistan). Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari gives his name as Muḥammad ibn Musá al-Khwārizmiyy al-Majūsiyy al-Quṭrubbaliyy (). The epithet ''al-Qutrubbulli'' could indicate he might instead have come from Qutrubbul (Qatrabbul),〔"Iraq After the Muslim Conquest", by Michael G. Morony, ISBN 1-59333-315-3 (a 2005 facsimile from the original 1984 book), (p. 145 )〕 a viticulture district near Baghdad. However, Rashed suggests: Regarding al-Khwārizmī's religion, Toomer writes: Ibn al-Nadīm's ''Kitāb al-Fihrist'' includes a short biography on al-Khwārizmī together with a list of the books he wrote. Al-Khwārizmī accomplished most of his work in the period between 813 and 833. After the Muslim conquest of Persia, Baghdad became the centre of scientific studies and trade, and many merchants and scientists from as far as China and India traveled to this city, as did al-Khwārizmī. He worked in Baghdad as a scholar at the House of Wisdom established by Caliph al-Ma’mūn, where he studied the sciences and mathematics, which included the translation of Greek and Sanskrit scientific manuscripts. Douglas Morton Dunlop suggests that it may have been possible that Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī was in fact the same person as Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir, the eldest of the three Banū Mūsā.〔Dunlop〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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